Hungarian Immigration to Cleveland, Ohio: a Microcosm of the U.S. Immigration Experience

"Migrating birds" is a term used to describe the first, or most basic form of immigration.  It refers to those workers who would travel to a new country, work for a period of time, then return to their native country with their money.

The Buckeye Road Hungarian community was made up of migrating birds until the 1920s.  Most Hungarians would live in boarding houses doing factory work during the winter, then they would travel back to Hungary to visit and help their families during the summer and fall harvest.  World War I would finally begin to change this pattern.

(1) Knowing how birds migrate and why immigrants migrate, clearly define the immigration term "migrating birds."

(2) Do the people in these pictures look like "migrating birds"?  Why or why not? 

(3) Look at the pictures carefully.  How are these people different (culturally) than "typical" Americans of this time period?